![]() New paper production methods created in Italy in the late fourteenth century dropped the price of paper, setting the conditions for its preference at the arrival of printing in 1450. Finally, the manuscripts in the collection from the later fifteenth and sixteenth centuries are on paper. The Rhazes manuscript, copied in the early 1400s from a 1388 translation, is composed of both paper and parchment, an example of the transition period between the two mediums. All three of the fourteenth-century manuscripts in the Reynolds-Finley Library are on vellum. Though parchment can be made from a variety of animal skins, calfskin, also known as vellum, provided the best quality medium for medieval manuscripts and was still preferred by many for high end early printed books during the Renaissance. Parchment, or stretched animal skin, was used more frequently than paper in manuscript production until the fifteenth century. Please review the following Procedures for Manuscripts Access and Handling Guide before submitting an application.This illustration of three people seated at dinner comes from Arnold of Villanova's treatise on winemaking (Italy, 14th century), which is on vellum.As Raymond Clemens and Timothy Graham explain in their Introduction to Manuscript Studies, "Parchment is literally the substrate upon which virtually all knowledge of the Middle Ages has been transmitted to us" (p. ![]() Researchers should apply far in advance of a possible appointment to allow time for curators to review your application.Īll interested parties may apply for an appointment in the Manuscripts Study Room to access microfilms and research files about the collection. Applications require a letter of recommendation from a professor or professional contact in the field. ![]() We consider applications to study manuscripts in the collection only from qualified researchers with a demonstrated need for primary source materials. This exhibition presents a remarkable example from each faith tradition.Īll illuminations represented in the Getty’s Manuscripts collection (over 7,000 images) are available online for free download through the Getty’s Open Content Program.Īdmission to the Manuscripts Department Study Room is by application and appointment only.Īccess to the original manuscripts is limited due to their rarity and the special handling requirements for this fragile material. The sacred scriptures of Jews, Christians, and Muslims are among the most beautifully illuminated manuscripts of the Middle Ages. The Art of Three Faiths: Torah, Bible, Qur'an The bestiary was one of the most important sources on animals from the Middle Ages, serving as a kind of medieval encyclopedia that placed each creature within a Christian framework and conception of creation. This luxury manuscript featured decoration by prominent early Renaissance artists. ![]() In the 1340s, families in Florence, Italy sang with musical accompaniment from the Laudario of Sant’Agnese. ![]() The works of art in this exhibition reveal the intersections between power, justice, and tyranny and illustrate the constant struggle between noble aspirations and base human instincts. In the medieval period, as throughout our world today, the use and abuse of power was a subject of intense discussion, inspiring works of art that expose the divide between political ideals and realities. Power, Justice, and Tyranny in the Middle Ages But it would be nearly one thousand years before artists began representing Balthazar as a Black African. The online exhibit provides a close look at 15th-century images of the African king against the backdrop of Afro-European contact, which included trade and diplomacy as well as the painful legacies of enslavement. Balthazar: A Black African King in Medieval and Renaissance ArtĮarly medieval legends tell us that the youngest of the three kings who paid homage to the newborn Christ Child in Bethlehem was from Africa. ![]()
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